OverviewThis article describes set of commands used for configuration management. Configuration Undo/RedoAny action done in GUI or any command executed from the CLI are recorded in /system history . You can undo or redo any action by running undo or redo commands from the CLI or by clicking on Undo, Redo buttons from the GUI. Simple example to demonstrate addition of firewall rule and how to undo and redo the action: Code Block |
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| [admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> add chain=forward action=drop
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid; D - dynamic
0 X chain=input action=drop protocol=icmp src-address=10.155.101.1 log=no
log-prefix=""
1 chain=forward action=drop
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> /system/history/print
Flags: U - undoable, R - redoable, F - floating-undo
Columns: ACTION, BY, POLICy
ACTION BY POLIC
F filter rule added admin write
U --- write
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> |
We have added firewall rule and in /system history what is being done. Lets undo everything: Code Block |
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| [admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> /undo
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid; D - dynamic
0 X chain=input action=drop protocol=icmp src-address=10.155.101.1 log=no
log-prefix=""
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> |
As you can see firewall rule disappeared. Now redo the last change: Code Block |
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| [admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> /redo
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid; D - dynamic
0 X chain=input action=drop protocol=icmp src-address=10.155.101.1 log=no
log-prefix=""
1 chain=forward action=drop
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /ip/firewall/filter> |
System history is capable of showing exact CLI commands that will be executed during Undo or Redo actions even if we perform the action from GUI, for example detailed history output after adding TCP accept rule from WinBox: Code Block |
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| [admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /system/history> print detail
Flags: U - undoable, R - redoable, F - floating-undo
F redo=
/ip firewall filter add action=accept chain=forward disabled=no log=no \
log-prefix="" protocol=tcp
undo=/ip firewall filter remove *4 action="filter rule added" by="admin"
policy=write time=oct/10/2019 18:51:05
F redo=/ip firewall filter add action=accept chain=forward
undo=/ip firewall filter remove *3 action="filter rule added" by="admin"
policy=write time=oct/10/2019 18:49:03
U redo="" undo="" action="---" by="" policy=write time=sep/27/2019 13:07:35
[admin@v7_ccr_bgp] /system/history> |
Safe ModeSometimes it happens that router's configuration is changed in a way that will make the router inaccessible (except from local console). Usually this is done by accident, but there is no way to undo last change when connection to router is already cut. Safe mode can be used to minimize such risk. Safe mode is entered by pressing Ctrl-X. To save changes and quit safe mode, press Ctrl-X again. To exit without saving the made changes, hit Ctrl-D [admin@MikroTik] ip route>[CTRL]+[X]
[Safe Mode taken]
[admin@MikroTik] ip route<SAFE>
Message Safe Mode taken is displayed and prompt changes to reflect that session is now in safe mode. In WinBox safe mode is enabled by toggling Safe Mode toggle button on the left side of the toolbar. All configuration changes that are made (also from other login sessions), while router is in safe mode, are automatically undone if safe mode session terminates abnormally. You can see all such changes that will be automatically undone tagged with an F flag in system history: [admin@MikroTik] ip route>
[Safe Mode taken]
[admin@MikroTik] ip route<SAFE> add
[admin@MikroTik] ip route<SAFE> /system history print
Flags: U - undoable, R - redoable, F - floating-undo
ACTION BY POLICY
F route added admin write
Now, if telnet connection, WinBox terminal (if safe mode was enabled on WinBox terminal window) or WinBox connection is cut, then after a while (TCP timeout is 9 minutes) all changes that were made while in safe mode will be undone. Exiting session by Ctrl-D also undoes all safe mode changes, while /quit does not. If another user tries to enter safe mode, he's given following message: [admin@MikroTik] >
Hijacking Safe Mode from someone - unroll/release/don't take it [u/r/d]:
- [u] - undoes all safe mode changes, and puts the current session in safe mode.
- [r] - keeps all current safe mode changes, and puts current session in a safe mode. Previous owner of safe mode is notified about this:
[admin@MikroTik] ip firewall rule input
[Safe mode released by another user]
- [d] - leaves everything as-is.
If too many changes are made while in safe mode, and there's no room in history to hold them all (currently history keeps up to 100 most recent actions), then session is automatically put out of the safe mode, no changes are automatically undone. Thus, it is best to change configuration in small steps, while in safe mode. Pressing Ctrl-X twice is an easy way to empty safe mode action list. System Backup/RestoreSystem backup is the way to completely clone routers configuration in binary format. Backup file contains not just configuration, but also statistics data, logs etc. The backup file is best used to save and restore configuration on the same device, for moving configuration to other devices, use export files instead.
Warning |
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Backup files contain sensitive information (passwords, keys, certificates). File can be encrypted, but even then backups should be stored only in secure location. |
Restoring backup file should be done only on the same router or on the similar router, when previous router fails. Backup must not be used to clone configuration on multiple network routers. Example to save and load backup file: [admin@MikroTik] > system backup save name=test password=123 Configuration backup saved [admin@MikroTik] > file print # NAME TYPE SIZE CREATION-TIME 0 test.backup backup 12567 sep/08/2004 21:07:50 [admin@MikroTik] > [admin@MikroTik] > system backup load name=test password=123 Restore and reboot? [y/N]: y Restoring system configuration System configuration restored, rebooting now Import/ExportRouterOS allows to export and import parts of configuration in plain text format. This method can be used to copy bits of configuration between different devices, for example clone whole firewall from one router to another. export command can be executed from each individual menu (resulting in configuration export only from this specific menu and all its sub-menus) or from root menu for complete config export. Following command parameters are accepted: Property | Description |
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compact | Output only modified configuration, default behavior | file | Export configuration to specified file. When file is not specified export output will be printed to the terminal | hide-sensitive | Hide sensitive information, like password, keys etc. | verbose | With this parameter export command will output whole configuration parameters and items including defaults. |
For example export configuration from /ip address menu and save it to file: Code Block |
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| [admin@MikroTik] > /ip address print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE
0 10.1.0.172/24 10.1.0.0 10.1.0.255 bridge1
1 10.5.1.1/24 10.5.1.0 10.5.1.255 ether1
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip address export file=address
[admin@MikroTik] > /file print
# NAME TYPE SIZE CREATION-TIME
0 address.rsc script 315 dec/23/2003 13:21:48
[admin@MikroTik] >
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By default export command writes only user edited configuration, RouterOS defaults are omitted. For example, Ipsec default policy will not be exported, and if we change one property then only our change will be exported: Code Block |
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| [admin@rack1_b4] /ip ipsec policy> print
Flags: T - template, X - disabled, D - dynamic, I - inactive, * - default
0 T * group=default src-address=::/0 dst-address=::/0 protocol=all
proposal=default template=yes
[admin@rack1_b4] /ip ipsec policy> export
# apr/02/1970 17:59:14 by RouterOS 6.22
# software id = DB0D-LK67
#
[admin@rack1_b4] /ip ipsec policy> set 0 protocol=gre
[admin@rack1_b4] /ip ipsec policy> export
# apr/02/1970 17:59:30 by RouterOS 6.22
# software id = DB0D-LK67
#
/ip ipsec policy
set 0 protocol=gre |
Notice the * flag, it indicates that entry is system default and cannot be removed manually. Here is the list of all menus containing default system entries Menu | Default Entry |
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/interface wireless security-profiles | default | /ppp profile | "default", "default-encryption" | /ip hotspot profile | default | /ip hotspot user profile | default | /ip ipsec policy | default | /ip ipsec policy group | default | /ip ipsec proposal | default | /ip ipsec mode-conf | read-only | /ip smb shares | pub | /ip smb users | guest | /ipv6 nd | any | /mpls interface | all | /routing bfd interface | all | /routing bgp instance | default | /routing ospf instance | default | /routing ospf area | backbone | /routing ospf-v3 instance | defailt | /routing ospf-v3 area | backbone | /snmp community | public | /tool mac-server mac-winbox | all | /tool mac-server | all | /system logging | "info", "error", "warning", "critical" | /system logging action | "memory", "disk", "echo", "remote" | /queue type | "default", "ethernet-default", "wireless-default", "synchronous-default", "hotspot-default", "only-hardware-queue", "multi-queue-ethernet-default", "default-small" |
Configuration ImportRoot menu command import allows to run configuration script from specified file. Script file (with extension ".rsc") can contain any console command including complex scripts. For example load saved configuration file Code Block |
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| [admin@MikroTik] > import address.rsc
Opening script file address.rsc
Script file loaded and executed successfully
[admin@MikroTik] > |
Import command allows to specify following parameters: Property | Description |
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from-line | Start executing script from specified line number | file-name | Name of the script (.rsc) file to be executed. | verbose | Reads each line from the file and executes individually, allowing to debug syntax or other errors more easily. |
Auto ImportIt is also possible to automatically execute scripts after upload to the router with FTP. Script file must be named with extension *.auto.rsc. Once the commands in the file are executed rsc file is replaced by *.auto.log file which contains import success or failure information Configuration ResetRouterOS allows to reset configuration with /system reset-configuration command This command clears all configuration of the router and sets it to the factory defaults including the login name and password ('admin' with empty password). For more details on default configurations see the list. After configuration reset command is executed router will reboot and load default configuration.
Tip |
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Backup file of existing configuration is stored before reset. That way you can easily restore any previous configuration if reset is done by mistake. |
Warning |
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If the router has been installed using Netinstall and had a script specified as the initial configuration, the reset command executes this script after purging the configuration. To stop it doing so, you will have to reinstall the router. |
It is possible to override default reset behavior with parameters below: Property | Description |
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keep-users | Do not remove existing users from configuration | no-defaults | Do not load default configuration, just clear configuration | skip-backup | Skip automatic backup file generation before reset | run-after-reset | Run specified .rsc file after reset. That way you can load your custom configuration. |
For example hard reset configuration without loading default config and skipping backup file: Code Block |
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| [admin@MikroTik] > /system reset-configuration no-defaults=yes skip-backup=yes
Dangerous! Reset anyway? [y/N]: y |
And the same using Winbox: |