Overview

MikroTik devices are preinstalled with RouterOS, so installation is usually not needed, except in the case where installing RouterOS on a x86 PC. The upgrade procedure on already installed devices is straight forward.

Upgrading

Version numbering

RouterOS versions are numbered sequentially, when a period is used to separate sequences, it does not represent a decimal point, and the sequences do not have positional significance. An identifier of 2.5, for instance, is not "two and a half" or "half way to version three", it is the fifth second-level revision of the second first-level revision. Therefore v5.2 is older than v5.18, which is newer.

RouterOS versions are released in several "release chains": Long-term, Stable and Beta. When upgrading RouterOS, you can choose a release chain from which to install the new packages. 

• Long term: Released rarely, and includes only the most important fixes, upgrades within one number branch not add new features. When a Stable release has been out for a while and seems to be stable enough, it gets promoted into the Long Term branch, replacing an older release, which is then moved to Archive. This consecutively adds new features.
• Stable: Released every few weeks, includes all tested features and fixes
• Testing: Released every few days, only undergoes basic internal testing, should not be used in production

Standard upgrade

The package upgrade feature connects to the MikroTik download servers and checks if there is a new RouterOS version for your device.

Manual upgrade

You can upgrade RouterOS in the following ways:

• Winbox – drag and drop files to the Files menu
• WebFig - upload files from Files menu
• FTP - upload files to root directory
• The Dude – See manual here 

Manual upgrade process

• First step - visit www.mikrotik.com and head to the download page, there choose the type of system you have the RouterOS installed on.
• Download the Combined package, it will include all the functionality of RouterOS:

Using Winbox

Choose your system type, and download the upgrade package. Connect to your router with Winbox, Select the downloaded file with your mouse, and drag it to the Files menu. If there are some files already present, make sure to put the package in the root menu, not inside the hotspot folder! The upload will start.

After it finishes - reboot the device. The New version number will be seen in the Winbox Title and in the Packages menu

Using FTP

• Open your favourite FTP program (in this case it is Filezilla), select the package and upload it to your router (demo2.mt.lv is the address of my router in this example). note that in the image I'm uploading many packages, but in your case - you will have one file that contains them all
• if you wish, you can check if the file is successfully transferred onto the router (optional):

[normis@Demo_v2.9] >file print
 # NAME                   TYPE                  SIZE       CREATION-TIME
 0 supout.rif             .rif file             285942     nov/24/2005 15:21:54
 1 dhcp-2.9.8.npk         package               138846     nov/29/2005 09:55:42
 2 ppp-2.9.8.npk          package               328636     nov/29/2005 09:55:43
 3 advanced-tools-2.9.... package               142820     nov/29/2005 09:55:42
 4 web-proxy-2.9.8.npk    package               377837     nov/29/2005 09:55:43
 5 wireless-2.9.8.npk     package               534052     nov/29/2005 09:55:43
 6 routerboard-2.9.8.npk  package               192628     nov/29/2005 09:55:45
 7 system-2.9.8.npk       package               5826498    nov/29/2005 09:55:54

• reboot your router for the upgrade process to begin:

[normis@Demo_v2.9] > system reboot
Reboot, yes? [y/N]: y

• after the reboot, your router will be up to date, you can check it in this menu:

/system package print

• if your router did not upgrade correctly, make sure you check the log

/log print without-paging

RouterOS mass upgrade

You can upgrade multiple MikroTik routers within few clicks. Let's have a look on simple network with 3 routers (the same method works on networks with infinite numbers of routers),

RouterOS auto-upgrade

Sub-menu: /system package update

RouterOS version 6 has new auto upgrade option. RouterOS checks amazon servers for information if new version is available and upgrades after upgrade command is executed. You can automate the upgrade process by running a script in the scheduler:

/system package update
check-for-updates once
:delay 3s;
:if ( [get status] = "New version is available") do={ install }

RouterOS can download software packages from a remote MikroTik router.

• Make one router as network upgrade central point, that will update MikroTik RouterOS on other routers.
• Upload necessary RouterOS packages to this router (in the example, mipsbe for RB751U and powerpc for RB1100AHx2).
• Add upgrade router (192.168.100.1) information to a router that you want to update (192.168.100.253), required settings IP address/Username/Password
• Click on refresh to see available packages, download newest packages and reboot the router to finalize the upgrade.

The Dude auto-upgrade

Dude application can help you to upgrade entire RouterOS network with one click per router.

• Set type RouterOS and correct password for any device on your Dude map, that you want to upgrade automatically,
• Upload required RouterOS packages to Dude files
• Upgrade RouterOS version on devices from RouterOS list. Upgrade process is automatic, after click on upgrade (or force upgrade), package will be uploaded and router will be rebooted by the Dude automatically.

The Dude hierarchical upgrade

For complicated networks, when routers are connected sequentially, the simplest example is 1router-2router-3router connection. You might get an issue, 2router will go to reboot before packages are uploaded to the 3router. The solution is Dude groups, the feature allows to group routers and upgrade all of them by one click!

• Select group and click Upgrade (or Force Upgrade),

License issues

When upgrading from older versions, there could be issues with your license key. Possible scenarios:

• When upgrading from RouterOS v2.8 or older, the system might complain about expired upgrade time. To override this, use Netinstall to upgrade. Netinstall will ignore old license restriction and will upgrade

• When upgrading to RouterOS v4 or newer, the system will ask you to update license to a new format. To do this, ensure your Winbox PC (not the router) has a working internet connection without any restrictions to reach www.mikrotik.com and click "update license" in the license menu.

Suggestions

When using a RouterBOARD device, it is always suggested to upgrade it's RouterBOOT bootloader after RouterOS is upgraded. To do this, issue the command "/system routerboard upgrade"

Netinstall

NetInstall is most commonly used installation tool. It runs on windows machines or linux with wine ( superuser permissions are required).

You can download Netinstall on www.mikrotik.com download section.

NetInstall is also used to re-install RouterOS in cases where the the previous install failed, became damaged or access passwords were lost.

Your device must support booting from ethernet, and there must be a direct ethernet link from the Netinstall computer to the target device. All RouterBOARDs support PXE network booting, it must be either enabled inside RouterOS "routerboard" menu if RouterOS is operable, or in the bootloader settings. For this you will need a serial cable.
Note: For RouterBOARD devices with no serial port, and no RouterOS access, the reset button can also start PXE booting mode. See your RouterBOARD manual PDF for details.

Netinstall can also directly install RouterOS on a disk (USB/CF/IDE/SATA) that is connected to the Netinstall Windows machine. After installation just move the disk to the Router machine and boot from it.

User Interface

The following options are available in the Netinstall window:

• Routers/Drives - list of PC drives and PXE booted routers. Select from the list on which drive or router you want to install RouterOS.
• Make floppy - used to create a bootable 1.44" floppy disk for PCs which don't have Etherboot support.
• Net booting - used to enable PXE booting over network.
• Install/Cancel - after selecting the router and selecting the RouterOS packages below, use this to start install.
• SoftID - the SoftID that was generated on the router. Use this to purchase your key.
• Key / Browse - apply the purchased key here, or leave blank to install a 24h trial.
• Get key - get the key from your mikrotik.com account directly.
• Flashfig - launch Flashfig - the mass config utility which works on brand new devices.
• Keep old configuration - keeps the configuration that was on the router, just reinstalls software (no reset).
• IP address / Netmask - enter IP address and netmask in CIDR notation to preconfigure in the router.
• Gateway - default gateway to preconfigure in the router.
• Baud rate - default serial port baud-rate to preconfigure in the router.
• Configure script File - file that contains RouterOS CLI commands that directly configure router (e.g. commands produced by export command). Used to apply default configuration.

Attention! Do not try to install RouterOS on your system drive. Action will format your hard drive and wipe out your existing OS.

CD Install

RouterOS Package Types

RouterOS supports a lot of different features and since every installation requires specific set of features supported it is possible to add or remove certain groups of features using package system. As result user is able to control what features are available and size of installation. Packages are provided only by MikroTik and no 3rd parties are allowed to make them.

List of packages

Working with packages

Actions for executed commands will be applied only on restart. Until then, user can freely schedule or revert set actions.

For example list of available packages

  [admin@rack1_b3] /system package> print
  Flags: X - disabled
  #   NAME                    VERSION                 SCHEDULED
  0   option                  6.18
  1   routeros-tile           6.18
  2   system                  6.18
  3 X wireless-fp             6.18
  4   ipv6                    6.18
  5   wireless                6.18
  6   hotspot                 6.18
  7   dhcp                    6.18
  8   mpls                    6.18                    scheduled for disable
  9   routing                 6.18
  10   ppp                     6.18
  11   security                6.18
  12   advanced-tools          6.18
      

Notice that we have wireless-fp package disabled and mpls package scheduled for disable