...

A denial-of-service (DoS) or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic. There are several types of DDoS attacks, for example, HTTP flood, SYN flood, DNS amplification, etc.

Protection

...

against DDoS

Configuration lines

...

/ip/firewall/filter/
add action=add-dst-to-address-list address-list=ddos-target address-list-timeout=10m chain=detect-ddos
add action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ddos-attackers address-list-timeout=10m chain=detect-ddos

SYN Attack

SYN Flood

An SYN flood is a form of DoS attack in which an attacker sends a succession of SYN requests to a target's system in an attempt to consume enough server resources to make the system unresponsive to legitimate traffic. Fortunately, in RouterOS we have specific feature for such an attack:

/ip/settings/set tcp-syncookies=yes

The feature works with sending back ACK packets that contain a little cryptographic hash, which the responding client will echo back with as part of its SYN-ACK packet. If the kernel doesn't see this "cookie" in the reply packet, it will assume the connection is bogus and drop it. 

SYN-ACK Flood

An SYN-ACK flood is an attack method that involves sending a target server spoofed SYN-ACK packet at a high rate. The server requires significant resources to process such packets out-of-order (not in accordance with the normal SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK TCP three-way handshake mechanism), it can become so busy handling the attack traffic, that it cannot handle legitimate traffic and hence the attackers achieve a DoS/DDoS condition. In RouterOS, we can configure similar rules from previously mentioned example, but more specifically for SYN-ACK flood:

/ip/firewall/filter add action=return chain=detect-ddos dst-limit=32,32,src-and-dst-addresses/10s protocol=tcp tcp-flags=syn,ack