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Required Network Configuration
What ports does ZeroTier use?
It listens on three 3 UDP ports:
- 9993 - The default
- A random, high numbered port derived from your ZeroTier address
- A random, high numbered port for use with UPnP/NAT-PMP mappings
That means your peers could be listening on any port. To talk with them directly, you need to be able to send them to any port.
Recommended Local Network and Internet Gateway Configuration
These ZeroTier recommended guidelines are consistent with the vast majority of typical deployments using commodity gateways and access points:
- Don't restrict outbound UDP traffic.
- Supporting either UPnP or NAT-PMP on your network can greatly improve performance by allowing ZeroTier endpoints to map external ports and avoid NAT traversal entirely.
- IPv6 is recommended and can greatly improve direct connection reliability if supported on both ends of a direct link. If present it should be implemented without NAT (NAT is wholly unnecessary with IPv6 and only adds complexity) and with a stateful firewall that permits bidirectional UDP conversations.
- Don't use "symmetric" NAT. Use "full cone" or "port restricted cone" NAT. Symmetric NAT is extremely hostile to peer-to-peer traffic and will degrade VoIP, video chat, games, WebRTC, and many other protocols as well as ZeroTier.
- No more than one layer of NAT should be present between ZeroTier endpoints and the Internet. Multiple layers of NAT introduce connection instability due to chaotic interactions between states and behaviors at different levels. No Double NAT.
- NATs should have a port mapping or connection timeout no shorter than 60 seconds.
- Place no more than about 16,000 devices behind each NAT-managed external IP address to ensure that each device can map a sufficient number of ports.
- Switches and wireless access points should allow direct local traffic between local devices. Turn off any "local isolation" features. Some switches might allow finer-grained control, and on these, it would be sufficient to allow local UDP traffic to/from 9993 (or in general).
Configuration example
By default, ZeroTier is designed to be zero-configuration. A user can start a new ZeroTier node without having to write configuration files or provide the IP addresses of other nodes. It’s also designed to be fast. Any two devices in the world should be able to locate each other and communicate almost instantly so the following example will enable ZeroTier on RouterOS device and connect one mobile phone using the ZeroTier application.
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You should specify routes to specific internal subnets in the ZeroTier cloud console, to make sure you can access those networks when connecting from other devices. |
Peer
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zerotier/peer/ |
ZeroTier`s peer is an informative section with a list of nodes that your node knows about. Nodes can not talk to each other unless they are joined and authorized on the same network.
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[admin@Home] > zerotier/peer/print
Columns: INSTANCE, ZT-ADDRESS, LATENCY, ROLE, PATH
# INSTANCE ZT-ADDRESS LATENCY ROLE PATH
0 zt1 61d294b9cb 186ms PLANET active,preferred,50.7.73.34/9993,recvd:4s526ms
1 zt1 62f865ae71 270ms PLANET active,preferred,50.7.252.138/9993,recvd:4s440ms,sent:9s766ms
2 zt1 778cde7190 132ms PLANET active,preferred,103.195.103.66/9993,recvd:4s579ms,sent:9s766ms
3 zt1 992fcf1db7 34ms PLANET active,preferred,195.181.173.159/9993,recvd:4s675ms,sent:4s712ms
4 zt1 159924d630 130ms LEAF active,preferred,34.121.192.xx/21002,recvd:3s990ms,sent:3s990ms |